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Vespula germanica
''Vespula germanica'' (European wasp, German wasp, or German yellowjacket) is a species of wasp found in much of the Northern Hemisphere, native to Europe, Northern Africa, and temperate Asia. It has been introduced and is well-established in many other places, including North America, South America (Argentina and Chile), Australia, and New Zealand. German wasps are part of the family Vespidae and are sometimes mistakenly referred to as paper wasps because they build grey paper nests, although strictly speaking, paper wasps are part of the subfamily Polistinae. In North America, they are also known as yellowjackets.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
''Vespula germanica'' belongs to the genus ''Vespula'', which includes various species of social wasps that are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, these wasps are most commonly known as yellowjackets, but this name also applies to species within the sister genus ''Dolichovespula''. Members of the ''Vespula'' genus are often confused with other genera, especially the paper wasp ''Polistes dominula''. Colonies of ''V. germanica'' share many characteristics with those of ''V. vulgaris'' and ''V. pensylvanica'', so they are very often studied together.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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